NCE Online Practice Questions and Answers

Correct Answer: A

Piaget saw moral judgment broken into two age brackets: below and above age ten. Those under age ten tended to judge wrong-doings by the amount of damage caused rather than the intention behind the act. Hence, even though the person in answer A had the best intentions, he broke more dishes and, therefore, is seen as more wrong. Since the person stealing only knocked over one cup, it is not viewed as bad as breaking five dishes.

Correct Answer: C

Vygotsky believed the potential for cognitive development depended upon the ZPD, which was a level of development attained when children engage in social interactions. When the social interaction is guided by an adult or collaborated with peers, the ZPD exceeds what one could achieve individually. Kohlberg is known for his work with moral development; Piaget is known for his theory of cognitive development in children; and Erickson for his eight stages of psychosocial development.

Correct Answer: D

The pre-conscious mind contains elements from both the unconscious and the conscious minds. The unconscious mind contains hidden or forgotten memories and the conscious mind contains what is happening in the present.

Correct Answer: A

Research shows that talking about suicide does not increase the likelihood of someone committing suicide. Talking about suicide and educating people about it can be one of the most effective ways of preventing it from happening.

Correct Answer: A

While Aristotle was the first to describe catharsis, it was the psychoanalyst Josef Breuer who first used it as a technique. He found that while recalling traumatic experiences under hypnosis, his clients experienced relief after expressing the repressed emotions.

Correct Answer: A

A variable ratio schedule is when a reward occurs after an unpredictable amount of responses and typically provides a high rate of response. The counselor's rate is unpredictable from one job to the next. A fixed ratio schedule occurs when a response is reinforced after a set number of responses. Fixed interval schedules reinforce the response only after a certain amount of time has passed. Variable interval schedules reinforce the response after an unpredictable amount of time has gone by.

Correct Answer: A

Charles Cooley first described social groups. Primary social groups share close, personal, and enduring

relationships. Secondary groups are larger than primary groups and relationships are goal oriented,

impersonal, and may be temporary.

Tertiary groups are sometimes called reference groups and are any group which shapes one's attitude and

behavior.

Correct Answer: D

In closed groups, the group typically ends with the same members it began with. New members are not allowed to join a closed group once the sessions have started, but members are allowed to drop out at any time. Counselors need to screen members for both open and closed groups. In open groups, new members can join in at any time once they've been screened. Regardless of the type of group, confidentiality is always an important aspect so that group members can trust one another and the counselor.

Correct Answer: C

Holland matched individual traits with environment traits.

Correct Answer: D

The 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) is a self-report personality test developed using several decades worth of empirical research. Cattell and his associates set to measure the following personality factors: warmth, intellect, emotional stability, aggressiveness, liveliness, dutifulness, social assertiveness, sensitivity, paranoia, abstractedness, introversion, anxiety, open mindedness, independence, perfectionism, tension. The Myers Briggs Type Inventory is a self- report personality inventory which indicates how people perceive the world and make decisions. The WISC and the WAIS are tests designed to measure cognitive intelligence.