MCAT MCAT-TEST Exam Dumps

...[TV Guide's] immediate concern was the television quiz show scandal, which had reached its climax two weeks earlier when Charles Van Doren, the appealing young man who'd taught viewers the value of learning while winning big on MCA's Twenty-one, stood before a House committee and admitted he was a fraud. But the issue went well beyond rigged quiz shows. The charge was that through their stranglehold on talent, MCA and William Morris monopolized the medium to the detriment of their clients, the industry, and the public at large. This was why the Justice Department had launched a secret investigation of both agencies more than two years before. The Morris Agency had started the quiz show vogue in 1955, when it packaged The $64,000 Question for Revlon and sold it to CBS. While the show won praise for its "educational" nature, the real source of its appeal was in its crapshoot format -- the idea that once contestants' winnings hit the $32,000 mark, they had to decide whether to go double or nothing on the final, $64,000 question, or play it safe and go home. The response was tremendous. Within weeks, the show knocked I Love Lucy out of the number-one slot in the ratings. Casinos in Vegas emptied out when it went on the air. Bookies took odds on whether the first contestant to go for the big one -- a marine captain whose specialty was cooking -- would get the answer right. (He did.) Revlon sold so much Living Lipstick that its factory was unable to meet the demand. The $64,000 Question quickly inspired imitators, among them an MCA package called Twenty-one. Based on the card game, more or less, Twenty-one was a dismal failure at first. "Do whatever you have to do," the sponsor ordered angrily, so the producers put the fix in. In December 1956, when Charles Van Doren, a boyishly attractive English instructor at Columbia University, beat Herb Stempel, a short, squat, nerdy grad at City College, Van Doren became the first intellectual hero of the television age. Honors and acclaim poured in -- the covers of Time, letters by the hundreds, offers of movie roles and tenured professorships and a regular guest spot on The Today Show. But Herb Stempel didn't like being told to lose, especially to some Ivy League snot. He went to the press. The DA's office started to investigate. The walls began to close in. Meanwhile, the show's producers agreed to sell the rights to NBC for $2 million. One of them started to feel queasy about selling the show without letting the network know the score, so he went to Sonny Werblin, MCA's top man in New York, and asked his advice. Werblin, the man behind such hits as The Ed Sullivan Show and The Jackie Gleason Show, ran the television department as if it were a football team coached by Attila the Hun. "Dan," he asked the producer, "have I ever asked you whether the show was rigged?" No, he hadn't. "And has NBC ever asked you whether the show is rigged?" No, they hadn't either. "Well," Werblin concluded, "the reason that none of us has asked is because we don't want to know." And with good reason. Not only was Twenty-one an MCA package and Van Doren himself an MCA client; Werblin had a special relationship with NBC's president, Robert Kintner. Kintner had been president of ABC until...ABC's chairman forced him out in his determination to move the network out of third place. MCA used its influence to place him at NBC, where he proved an extremely pliant customer. In the spring of 1957, when the networks were putting together their schedules for the next season, Werblin went to a meeting of NBC programming executives led by Kintner and his boss, RCA chairman Robert Sarnoff. "Sonny, look at the schedule for next season," Kintner said when he walked in, "here are the empty slots, you fill them."

The author's description of Kintner as "an extremely pliant customer" (line 64):

A. reinforces his description of Werblin as an exacting taskmaster.

B. supports his contention that NBC lacked strong leadership.

C. indicates the degree of MCA's influence over the network.

D. contradicts the implication that NBC knew their quiz show was rigged.

The equation of state of an ideal gas is given by the ideal gas law:

PV = nRT

where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the ideal gas constant, and T is the temperature of the gas. The gas particles in a container are constantly moving at various speeds. These speeds are

characterized by the Maxwell shown in the figure below.

If two particles collide, their velocities change. However, if the gas is in thermal equilibrium, the velocity distribution of the gas as a whole will remain unchanged by the collision. The average kinetic energy (E) of a gas particle is given by:

Equation 1

where m is the mass of one particle and u is the root mean square speed (rms speed) of the gas particles:

where N is the number of gas particles; this is different from the average speed). For an ideal gas, the kinetic energy of all the particles is:

Equation 2

where n is the number of moles of gas. Combining these equations gives:

Equation 3

where M is the molar mass of the gas particles.

The average distance a particle travels between collisions is known as the mean free path l. Intuitively, the mean free path (mfp) could be expected to be larger for gases at low pressure, since there is a lot of space between particles.

Similarly, the mfp should be larger when the gas particles are small. The following expression for the mfp shows this to be correct.

Equation 4 In this equation, s is the atomic diameter (typically on the order of 10?), k is the Boltzmann constant, and P is the pressure. In addition to colliding with one another, gas particles also collide with the walls of their container. If the container wall has a pinhole that is small compared to the mfp of the gas, and a pressure differential exists across the wall, the particles will effuse (or escape) through this pinhole without disturbing the Maxwellian distribution of the particles. The rate of effusion can be described by:

Equation 5

Where neff is the number of moles of effusing particles, A is the area of the pinhole, p and p1 are the pressures on the inside and outside of the container wall respectively, and p>p1.

Which of the following gives values for both standard temperature and pressure?

A. 273 K and 760 Torr

B. 273 K and 1 atm

C. 0°C and 760 mm Hg

D. All of the above

In the United States, breast cancer is the second leading cause of death for women, and as a result, the American Cancer Society, has recommended annual mammography screening for women age 40 years and older. It is estimated that the risk of mortality can be reduced through this procedure by approximately 20-25% during a ten-year period for women age 40 years and older.

In general, cancer screening behaviors have increased in the United States. According to the National Health Interview Survey, in 1987, approximately 29% of women age 40 years and older reported having had a mammogram in the last 2 years. By 2000, this increased to 70%. However, there are racial disparities, as fewer African American and Hispanic women have mammograms compared to their Caucasian female counterparts. Some studies have looked into these differences. Cultural factors seem to play a role in minority women obtaining fewer mammograms. Asian women, for example, do not like to discuss sensitive topics with strangers.

Prevention promotions have been designed to increase awareness for the need of breast cancer screening, particularly for women in racial and ethnic minority groups. An innovative breast cancer education program, called the Educational Intervention Asian Grocery Store-Based Education Program, was designed to target Asian women. Located in 20 different Asian grocery stores in communities, the cancer screening exhibits were placed at the entrances of the stores. As Asian women came into the grocery store, health information was passed out to Asian women. Even though only a small amount of women who were considered non-adherents to breast cancer screening ended up scheduling a screening, the study demonstrated an innovative culturally competent approach to health promotion.

Source: Adapted from G.R. Sadler, P.R. Beerman, K. Lee et al. "Promoting Breast Cancer Screening Among Asian American Women: The Asian Grocery Store Based Cancer Education Program." Copyright 2012 Journal of Cancer Education.

How would diffusion of innovations theory attempt to explain why African American women get fewer mammograms compared with their Caucasian female counterparts?

A. African Americans tend to feel stigmatized when they seek medical treatment.

B. It is possible that African American females experience multiple role conflicts and therefore, they are more likely to relegate their personal needs to the needs of their family.

C. It is possible that there is pervasive distrust of medical personnel in African-American communities.

D. Religiosity is a vital ingredient in the fabric of African American lives, and therefore, they will initially opt to see faith healers for their health.