CLO-002 Online Practice Questions and Answers

Correct Answer: A

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Autoscaling is a cloud computing feature that enables organizations to scale cloud services such as server capacities or virtual machines up or down automatically, based on defined situations such as traffic or utilization levels1.

Autoscaling helps to ensure that nodes are added automatically when the load on a web cluster increases, and removed when the load decreases, to optimize performance and costs. Autoscaling can be configured using built-in mechanisms

or custom implementations, depending on the cloud service and the specific requirements2.

Autonomous systems are networks that are administered by a single entity and have a common routing policy. Autonomous systems are not related to autoscaling, but rather to network connectivity and routing protocols.

Infrastructure as code is a practice of managing and provisioning cloud resources using code or scripts, rather than manual processes or graphical interfaces. Infrastructure as code can help to automate and standardize cloud deployments,

but it does not necessarily imply autoscaling, unless the code or scripts include logic for scaling resources based on demand.

Right-sizing is a technique of optimizing cloud resources to match the actual needs and usage patterns of an application or service. Right-sizing can help to reduce costs and improve efficiency, but it does not involve adding or removing

nodes automatically based on load. Right-sizing is usually done periodically or on-demand, rather than continuously3. References: 2: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/architecture/best-practices/auto- scaling 4: https://

aws.amazon.com/autoscaling/ 1: https://www.netscaler.com/articles/what- is-autoscaling 5: https://avinetworks.com/glossary/auto-scaling/ 3:

https://cloud.google.com/run/docs/about-instance-autoscaling :

https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 42 :

https://www.comptia.org/training/books/cloud-essentials-clo-002-study-guide, page 46

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: The marketing department likely stores large media files on its servers, leading to increased storage costs. This is because the marketing department is responsible for creating and distributing various types of digital content, such as videos, images, podcasts, and webinars, to promote the products and services of the enterprise. These media files tend to be large in size and require more storage space than other types of data, such as text documents or spreadsheets. Therefore, the marketing department consumes more storage resources than the other departments, which increases the monthly cloud costs for the enterprise. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 3: Cloud Service and Delivery Models, Section 3.2: Cloud Storage, Page 97

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: Geo-redundancy is the best option for a company that needs to ensure data availability in multiple datacenters around the world. Geo-redundancy is the duplication of IT infrastructure and data across geographically dispersed

locations, such as different regions or continents1. Geo-redundancy provides several benefits for cloud-based applications, such as:

High availability: Geo-redundancy can improve the availability of cloud services by reducing the impact of regional outages, disasters, or network failures. If one datacenter becomes unavailable, the application can switch to another

datacenter that has a copy of the data and continue to operate2. Performance: Geo-redundancy can enhance the performance of cloud services by reducing the latency and bandwidth consumption for users who are located far from the

primary datacenter. By having datacenters closer to the users, the application can deliver faster and more consistent responses3. Compliance: Geo-redundancy can help the company comply with regulatory or legal requirements that

mandate data sovereignty or data protection. By having datacenters in different jurisdictions, the company can store and process data according to the local laws and regulations4.

The other options are not as suitable as geo-redundancy for the company's needs because:

Auto-scaling: Auto-scaling is the ability of cloud services to automatically adjust the amount of resources allocated to an application based on the demand and workload. Auto-scaling can improve the scalability and cost-efficiency of cloud

services, but it does not guarantee data availability in multiple datacenters5. Disaster recovery: Disaster recovery is the process of restoring the normal operation of an application after a disruption or failure. Disaster recovery can involve

backup, restore, and failover mechanisms, but it does not necessarily require data replication across multiple datacenters. High availability: High availability is the degree to which an application can operate without interruption or downtime.

High availability can be achieved by using redundant components, load balancing, and fault tolerance techniques, but it does not imply data distribution across multiple datacenters.

References:

1: Georedundancy - Open Telekom Cloud

2: Why geo-redundancy for cloud infrastructure is a `must have'

3: Use geo-redundancy to design highly available applications

4: Protect your cloud infrastructure with geo-redundancy - Data Centre Review

5: What is Auto Scaling? - Amazon Web Services : What is Disaster Recovery? - Microsoft Azure : What is High Availability? - IBM Cloud

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: A content delivery network (CDN) is a network of servers that deliver web content to users based on their geographic location. A CDN can improve the performance, reliability, and security of a web application by caching content closer to the users and reducing the load on the origin server. One of the security advantages of using a CDN is that it can provide resiliency against distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, which are attempts to overwhelm a web server with a large number of requests from multiple sources. A CDN can mitigate DDoS attacks by: Distributing the traffic across multiple servers and locations, making it harder for attackers to target a single point of failure Filtering out malicious requests before they reach the origin server, using techniques such as rate limiting, IP blocking, and challenge-response mechanisms Absorbing the attack traffic with greater bandwidth and resources than the origin server, reducing the impact on the web application's availability and performance References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ CLO-002 Study Guide, Chapter 4: Security in the Cloud, page 152; Why use a CDN? | CDN benefits | Cloudflare; What Is DNS Security? How Does It Work? - Cisco Umbrella; What is DNS Security? - Cisco Umbrella; What Is DNS Security? DNS vs DNS Security vs DNSSEC | Fortinet

Correct Answer: A

Explanation: Deduplication is a technique that eliminates redundant copies of data from a storage device, such as a SAN disk drive. Deduplication can reduce the amount of storage space required and improve the performance and efficiency of the storage system. Deduplication works by identifying and removing duplicate blocks of data within or across files, and replacing them with pointers to a single copy of the data. Deduplication can be performed at the file level or the block level, depending on the granularity and the algorithm used. Deduplication is often used in backup and archive scenarios, where data is highly redundant and can be deduplicated across multiple backups. Deduplication can also be used in primary storage scenarios, such as SAN disk drives, especially for all-flash arrays that implement deduplication techniques. Deduplication is different from compression, which is another technique that reduces the size of data by removing redundant information within a data block. Deduplication and compression can work together to achieve higher storage savings. Deduplication is also different from encryption, which is a technique that protects the confidentiality and integrity of data by transforming it into an unreadable form using a secret key. Deduplication is not effective for encrypted data, as encryption makes the data appear random and unique. Deduplication is also different from sanitization, which is a technique that permanently erases data from a storage device, making it unrecoverable. Deduplication does not erase data, but rather consolidates it and removes duplicates. Therefore, the correct term for eliminating redundant copies of data from a SAN disk drive is deduplication. References: Using Deduplication and Compression, Understanding Data Deduplication, 7.6 Using Deduplication techniques in SAN infrastrucutre.

Correct Answer: B

Explanation: The best solution for this scenario is Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI). VDI is a cloud service model that provides users with virtual desktops that run on a centralized server. Users can access their virtual desktops remotely from any device, such as a laptop, tablet, or smartphone, using a thin client or a web browser. VDI enables users to access business applications without installing them on their own devices, which ensures that these applications are only installed on company-controlled equipment. VDI also allows users to modify their personal working environments, such as desktop settings, wallpapers, or preferences, which are saved on the server and persist across sessions. VDI can offer benefits such as improved security, reduced hardware costs, centralized management, and enhanced user experience. The other options are not the best solutions for this scenario. Single Sign-On (SSO) is a cloud service that enables users to log in to multiple applications or systems with one set of credentials, which simplifies authentication and improves security. However, SSO does not provide users with remote access to business applications or personal working environments. Secure Shell (SSH) is a network protocol that allows secure remote access to a server or a device using encryption and authentication. SSH can be used to execute commands, transfer files, or tunnel network traffic. However, SSH does not provide users with virtual desktops or business applications. Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a network technology that creates a secure connection between a remote device and a private network over a public network, such as the Internet. VPN can be used to access network resources, such as files, printers, or applications, that are not available otherwise. However, VPN does not provide users with virtual desktops or personal working environments. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 2: Cloud Concepts, Section 2.3: Cloud Service Models, p. 64-65

Correct Answer: AE

Explanation: A proprietary SaaS solution is one that uses a specific vendor's software and platform, which may not be compatible with other vendors' solutions or industry standards. This can result in vendor lock-in, which means that the organization becomes dependent on the vendor and cannot easily switch to another provider or solution without significant costs or risks. Vendor lock-in can also limit the organization's ability to negotiate better terms or prices with the vendor. Integration issues can arise when the proprietary SaaS solution does not support open standards, which are widely accepted and interoperable protocols or formats that enable different systems or applications to communicate and exchange data. Open standards can facilitate integration with other cloud or on-premise solutions, as well as enhance portability and scalability of the cloud services. If the SaaS solution does not adopt open standards, the organization may face challenges or limitations in integrating the solution with its existing or future IT environment, which can affect the functionality, performance, and security of the cloud services. References: CompTIA Cloud Essentials+ Certification Study Guide, Second Edition (LO-002), Chapter 2: Cloud Concepts, Section 2.3: Cloud Service Models, p. 62-63.

Correct Answer: C

Explanation: Right-sizing compute resource instances is the process of matching instance types and sizes to workload performance and capacity requirements at the lowest possible cost. It's also the process of identifying opportunities to eliminate or downsize instances without compromising capacity or other requirements, which results in lower costs and higher efficiency1. Right-sizing is a key mechanism for optimizing cloud costs, but it is often ignored or delayed by organizations when they first move to the cloud. They lift and shift their environments and expect to right-size later. Speed and performance are often prioritized over cost, which results in oversized instances and a lot of wasted spend on unused resources2. Right-sizing compute resource instances is the best action that the analyst should consider to lower costs and improve efficiency, as it can help reduce the amount of resources and money spent on instances that operate at a fraction of the full processing capacity. Right- sizing can also improve the performance and reliability of the instances by ensuring that they have enough resources to meet the workload demands. Right-sizing is an ongoing process that requires continuous

monitoring and analysis of the instance usage and performance metrics, as well as the use of tools and frameworks that can simplify and automate the right-sizing decisions1. Consolidating into fewer instances, using spot instances, or negotiating better prices on the company's reserved instances are not the best actions that the analyst should consider to lower costs and improve efficiency, as they have some limitations and trade-offs compared to right-sizing. Consolidating into fewer instances can reduce the number of instances, but it does not necessarily optimize the type and size of the instances. Consolidating can also introduce performance and availability issues, such as increased latency, reduced redundancy, or single points of failure3. Using spot instances can reduce the cost of instances, but it also introduces the risk of interruption and termination, as spot instances are subject to fluctuating prices and availability based on the supply and demand of the cloud provider4. Negotiating better prices on the company's reserved instances can reduce the cost of instances, but it also requires a long-term commitment and upfront payment, which reduces the flexibility and scalability of the cloud environment5. References: Right Sizing - Cloud Computing Services; The 6-Step Guide To Rightsizing Your Instances - CloudZero; Consolidating Cloud Services: How to Do It Right | CloudHealth by VMware; Spot Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud; Reserved Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud.

Correct Answer: D

Explanation: Spot instances are instances that use spare cloud capacity that is available for less than the On-Demand price. They are suitable for low-budget projects that can tolerate interruptions and have flexible completion time. Spot instances can be reclaimed by the cloud provider when the demand for the capacity increases, so they are not guaranteed to run continuously. However, they can offer significant cost savings compared to other pricing models. References: Spot Instances - Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, Amazon Web Services ?Introduction to EC2 Spot Instances, What are AWS spot instances? - Spot.io